This blog is written to
express my gratitude to all the people helped me to fulfill this initiative
Here one can
find the steps for hardware upgrade of MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2008) and
installation on it and iPad 2 the latest supported by Apple MacOS X v. 10.11.6
El Capitan, iOS v. 9.3.5 and MS Windows 10. All the steps made took more
than a month reading, testing, more than 6 hours phone talks with Apple Support and
as an exception tens of e-mails. More than 5 friends of mine were also involved
in this tedious battle.
On the other hand because of my ignorance of contemporary
Apple hardware and software some of the problems were definitely provoked by
me. Some of the obvious facts written in this blog are also a consequence of
the lack of knowledge and experience so be indulgent.
1.
Hardware upgrade
·
The
main hardware of MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2008) is:
o Intel Mobile Core 2 Duo CPU P8600 @
2.40GHz
o RAM 4GB DDR3 @ 1066MHz and 250GB SATA I
HDD
o 256MB NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GT Graphics
o 15.4-inch, 1440 x 900 pixels LCD with 32-bit
color
·
Additional
but helpful hardware of MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2008) is:
o Gigabit Ethernet connector – preferable to
Wi-Fi (better as speed and reliability)
o Dual USB 2.0 and Firewire connectors
– useful to connect external devices
1.1.
Repairing of MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2008) and some
workarounds
·
One
big trouble was that the battery fails and has to be changed
·
At
the same time failed capacitor on the motherboard makes a trouble bigger
·
After
changing the battery and repairing MacBook become ready for upgrade
·
It
is useful to know that MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2008) can work without
battery
·
One
more problem was failed internal DVD device and has to be used external one
connected via USB
·
Unfamiliar
language specific keyboard can also be a problem so it can be used additional one
via USB
o The problem at using unfamiliar keyboard
is passwords entering when the chars are not shown at all
o Some special characters can also be a
problem to be entered even at visible fields
1.2.
Changing memory from 4GB to 8GB
·
It
can be upgraded up to 8GB (there are some modules recommend)
1.2.1.
Search
and buy 2 modules 4GB DDR3, 1.5V, 1066 or 1333 MHz
1.2.2.
Modules
have to be the same type and from the same manufacturer
1.2.3.
Modules
can be from different manufacturers but with the same parameters
1.2.4.
Test
them with current software installation
1.2.5.
Successfully
used 4GB DDR3 1333MHz different modules:
·
Samsung,
PC3-10700 (667 MHz), Part Number M471B5273CH0-CH9
·
Kingston,
PC3-10700 (667 MHz), Part Number 9905428-051.A00LF
1.2.6.
Do
not install them before complete new software installation
1.3.
Changing internal HDD with SSD
·
It
can be upgraded up to 4TB internal HDD or SSD (there are some devices
recommend)
1.3.1.
Original
HDD: Hitachi HTB-HTS543232L9SA0, 250GB, 5400RPM, 2.5" (0A57325) SATA I
(150Mbps)
1.3.2.
Buy
cheapest 480GB SSD with option to return in case of incompatibility
1.3.3.
Take
in account that MacBook Pro (2.40 GHz, 15-inch, Late 2008) has SATA II
controller
1.3.4.
It
could be incompatible with some SSDs especially expensive and fast once
1.3.5.
There
is indication that Adata, Crucial and Kingstan SSDs may work
1.3.6.
Successfully
used 447GB Crucial CT480BX500SSD1 ATA Device (SATA (SSD))
1.3.7.
Do
not install it before preparation of the software installation
2.
Installation of MacBook
Pro for dual boot of MacOS X and Windows 10
·
There
is no official Apple support for Windows 10 as Boot Camp and drivers for old
MacBooks
·
Fortunately,
all drivers for MacBook Pro (2.40 GHz, 15-inch, Late 2008) are available from
Internet
o Successfully updated after Windows
installation by Snappy Driver Installer Origin
·
The
only problem is multi touch driver but there is an overcoming procedure (not
tested)
·
The
main MacOS X and Windows 10 installation procedures are not described with details
2.1.
Successful procedure
2.1.1. Preparing MacOS X 10.11.6 El Capitan installation
USB flash disk
·
Use
compatibility table to find latest MacOS X supported for upgraded MacBook Pro
·
This
is MacOS X 10.11.x El Capitan for MacBook Pro (2.40 GHz, 15-inch, Late 2008)
·
Preparation
has to be done on the same of compatible MacBook Pro
2.1.1.1. Keep current HDD and MacOS installation
safe and working
2.1.1.2. Be sure to sign out from any MacOS
application (iCloud, iTunes, FaceTime, iMessage etc.)
2.1.1.3. Download MacOS X 10.11.6 El Capitan
installation package (InstallMacOSX.dmg)
2.1.1.4. Double click on InstallMacOSX.dmg to
open it (do not skip verification step)
2.1.1.5. Double click on opened InstallMacOSX.pkg
to start installation of the installer application
2.1.1.6. It will install "Install OS X El
Capitan" application in Application folder
2.1.1.7. Connect at least 8GB USB flash drive to
your MacBook Pro (will destroy all data on it)
2.1.1.8. Run "Install OS X El Capitan"
application and follow the steps to write bootable USB flash drive
2.1.2. Preparing MS Windows 10 installation DVD
·
There
are some ready for use MS Windows 10 installation DVDs on
2.1.2.1. MacBook Pro (2.40 GHz, 15-inch, Late
2008) cannot boot Windows from USB flash drive
2.1.2.2. Download Windows 10 ISO file and write
it as bootable DVD installation disk
2.1.2.3. Successfully used Windows 10 x64 Compact
written on Windows 7 PC
·
ISO
file is 2.17 GB and the space taken after installation is 10GB
2.1.2.4. Use DVD R/W drive connected to Windows
7/10 PC and put in it empty writable DVD disk
·
Windows
Explorer -> ISO file -> right mouse click -> Burn disk image
2.1.3. Install MacOS X 10.11.6 El Capitan on a
new SSD
2.1.3.1. Replace original HDD with the new SSD on
upgraded MacBook Pro
2.1.3.2. Connect prepared in 2.1.1. USB flash
drive and power MacBook Pro
2.1.3.3. Push and keep Alt key while see
available boot disks on your screen
2.1.3.4. As SSD is a new the only bootable device
has to be USB flash drive
2.1.3.5. Select it and push up arrow to start
booting
2.1.3.6. Wait while MacOS X El Capitan loads
2.1.3.7. Choose from menu Utilities -> Disk
Utility
2.1.3.8. Erase SSD with name by your choice, OS X
Extended (Jurnalled) format and GUID Partition Map scheme
2.1.3.9. Exit Disk Utility, run MacOS X
installation, point SSD when asked and follow the installation steps
·
It
was encountered following problem at this point: remaining a second to restart
the installation stops
·
There
are never ended errors about string objects in log view – waiting long time
installation may continue
·
Installation
process finished once without problem and once after waiting more than half an
hour from more than 5 attempts
2.1.4. Install helpful applications and
customize MacOS X 10.11.6 El Capitan
2.1.4.1. Update MacOS X 10.11.6 El Capitan from
Apple Application Store (sign in with AppleID is not obligatory)
2.1.4.2. macsfancontrol.zip ->
Applications/Macs Fan Control.app - for fans control
·
Set
to control based on the value of the sensor measuring maximal temperature
·
In Preferences
-> General -> check "Autostart minimized with system
(recommended)"
·
In
Preferences -> Menubar display -> chose what and how to display on
menubar
2.1.4.3. MenuMeters_2.0.7.zip ->
Applications/MenuMeters.app
·
Choose
what to show like CPU, Memory, Network etc. usage in real time
2.1.4.4. googlechrome.dmg ->
Applications/Google Chrome.app - use it if you prefer it
2.1.4.5. barrier-2.1.0.dmg ->
Applications/Barrier.app
·
For
sharing keyboard and mouse via different computers with own monitor
·
In
case of not connecting to the server automatically:
o Turn off System Integrity Protection
o Select Application/Barrier.app ->
right mouse click -> Show Package Contents -> Contents/MacOS/
o Right mouse click on barrier.sh ->
Open With -> TextEdit -> add to exec ./barrier --client
o Menu ->File -> Save -> close
TextEdit and System Preferences -> Re-login
2.1.4.6. tuxerantfs_2018.dmg -> Install Tuxera
NTFS -> Applications/Tuxera Disk Manager
·
For
reading and writing from/to Windows 10 NTFS disk
2.1.4.7. Any other useful application by your
choice
2.1.4.8. For being able to run application
downloaded from Internet
·
System
Preferences -> Security & Privacy ->
o General -> Click the lock to make the
changes ->
§
Authorize
with Administrator password -> Select Allow apps downloaded from: Anywhere
o Privacy -> Click the lock to make the
changes ->
§
Authorize
with Administrator password -> check the box for all applications
2.1.4.9. For being able to run application at
user login and customize login options (authorization is needed)
·
System
Preferences -> Users & Groups -> Passwords -> change user photo,
password etc.
2.1.4.10. Setting TRIM Support for SATA SSD to
"Yes" (useful to increase write speed)
·
Turn
off System Integrity Protection in Mac OS X El Capitan
o Restart MacBook Pro -> Hold down Alt
key while see boot devices -> select and boot from "Recovery -
10.11.6"
o When it boots -> click on Utilities
menu -> choose Terminal -> type command "csrutil disable" and
press return
o Restart system with turned off System
Integrity Protection
·
Turn
on System Integrity Protection is the same except the command: "csrutil
disable" -> "csrutil enable"
·
While
System Integrity Protection is turned off application contents files can be
modified
·
Alternatively,
run in Terminal the command: sudo trimforce enable/disable (not tested)
2.1.5. Install Windows 10
2.1.5.1. Run Utilities/Boot Camp Assistant.app
2.1.5.2. Uncheck both preparation of installation
disk and download drivers options
2.1.5.3. Continue with partitioning for dual boot
2.1.5.4. Split main partition to 2 new with sizes
by your choice and format the new one with FAT32
2.1.5.5. Take in account that some Windows 10
installations can take 50+ GB disk space without user data
·
Used
Windows 10 x64 Compact installation takes 10-11 GB even after software updates
2.1.5.6. Allow Boot Camp Assistant to reboot the
system
2.1.5.7. Push and keep Alt key while see boot
disks on your screen
2.1.5.8. Insert prepared in 2.1.2. DVD disk into
DVD device
2.1.5.9. Wait for DVD to become ready, choose and
boot from Windows partition
·
Follow
Windows 10 installation procedure
·
When
asked point to prepared in 2.1.5.4. FAT32 partition and erase it
·
Point
to newly shown unallocated space and create new partition
·
Point
to newly create partition and continue installation
2.1.6. Update Windows 10 drivers
2.1.6.1. Activate and update Windows 10
installation
·
Some
devices will not have appropriate drives or will not work properly
2.1.6.2. Download and update Snappy Driver
Installer Origin application
·
This
can be done on other Windows system and portable disk
·
In
some cases the size will grow to more than 50GB
2.1.6.3. Run Snappy Driver Installer Origin
application on MacBook Pro running Windows 10
2.1.6.4. Application will show the list of
drivers to install or update
2.1.6.5. Select all listed drivers and run
install procedure
2.1.6.6. Confirm when asked a question to install
driver
·
After
driver installation and update all devices have to work properly
·
Only
the multi-touch functionality will not be available (see 2.)
2.1.7. Install some important or useful Windows
10 applications
2.1.7.1. macsfancontrol_setup.exe -> Mac Fan
Control - very important
·
It
is the only way to control MacBook Pro fans while Windows 10 is running
2.1.7.2. BarrierSetup-2.3.2.exe -> Barrier
application
·
For
sharing keyboard and mouse via different computers with own monitor
2.1.7.3. spsetup132.exe -> Speccy application
- helpful at analyzing hardware details
·
Will
also install Google Chrome applications - use it if you prefer it
2.1.7.4. 8GadgetPackSetup.msi -> 8GadgetPack
Tools - to use Windows 7 like gadgets
·
There
is a plenty of useful gadgets like CPU Usage, Drives and Network Meters
2.1.7.5. Any other useful application by your
choice
2.1.7.6. Customize Windows 10 installation:
·
To
add/remove icons to/from the desktop like This PC, Recycle Bin etc.:
o Start button -> Settings >
Personalization > Themes;
o Under Themes > Related Settings,
select Desktop icon settings;
o Choose the icons you would like to have
on your desktop and then select Apply and OK.
2.1.7.7. How to disable Windows Defender
Antivirus using Windows Security:
·
WinKey+S
-> Search for Windows Security -> Click on Virus & threat protection;
·
Under
the "Virus & threat protection settings" section, click the
Manage settings option;
·
Turn
off the Real-time protection toggle switch to disable Windows Defender
temporarily;
·
Restarting
Windows 10 will always enable the real-time protection.
2.1.7.8. How to:
·
Start
Windows 10 in Safe Mode:
·
Fix
problems with Windows 10 Update
·
Revert
Windows 10 Account to a Local One
·
Make
Windows 10 look and act more like Windows 7
2.1.8. Final installations and assessments
2.1.8.1. If Windows 10 fails while working or new
boot behave unusual it is helpful to check system disk
·
The
system disk can be checked immediately after a boot while the file system is
not busy
·
WinKey+S
-> File Search -> cmd.exe -> Run as Administrator
o In the Command Window -> chkdsk c: /r
-> Press Enter
o When receive the “Chkdsk cannot run
because the volume is in use by another process.” message, type Y
o Close all running applications and
restart the computer
o This will force the utility to run a
system disk scan at the next boot
·
The
same procedure can be started from
o Windows Explorer -> This PC ->
System disk (C:) -> Properties -> Tools -> Check
o Other steps are like described above
when using cmd.exe
·
In
case of not able to boot Windows 10 installation or Repair disk it can be used:
o Insert the original Windows DVD, restart
and boot from it and click Repair your computer;
o Choose the operating system from the
list, click Next, choose Command Prompt;
o When it opens, type the command:
"chkdsk C: /f /r" and press Enter and reboot form disk.
2.1.8.2. After Both MackOS X 10.11.6 El Capitan
and MS Windows 10 installations are working properly
·
Make
some functional and performance tests to be sure they are stable
·
Replace
old 2 x 2GB DDR2 RAM modules with new 2 x 4GB once
·
Make
more functional and performance tests to be sure the systems are stable
·
If
it has some problems search and mound other RAM modules or SSD
·
If
the problems come from SSD all installation procedure except preparations has
to be repeated
2.1.8.3. Performance assessment in Windows 10
·
WinKey+S
-> File Search -> cmd.exe -> Run as Administrator
o In the Command Window -> winsat
prepop -> Press Enter
o In the Command Window -> winsat
formal -> Press Enter
·
WinKey+S
-> File Search -> Powershell.exe -> Run as Administrator
·
In
the Command Window -> Get-WmiObject -class Win32_WinSAT -> Press Enter
·
The
result contains "Windows Experience Indexes" like:
o CPUScore = Processor; D3DScore = Gaming
Graphics, DiskScore = Primary Hard Disk,
GraphicsScore = Graphics, MemoryScore = Memory (RAM), WinSPRLevel = Base Score
GraphicsScore = Graphics, MemoryScore = Memory (RAM), WinSPRLevel = Base Score
2.1.8.4. After described installation the Speccy
summary report for MacBook Pro (2.40 GHz, 15-inch, Late 2008) is:
·
Operating
System
o Windows 10 Pro 64-bit
·
CPU
o Intel Mobile Core 2 Duo P8600 @ 2.40GHz 45 °C
o Penryn 45nm Technology
·
RAM
o 8.00GB DDR3 @ 663MHz
·
Motherboard
o Apple Inc. Mac-F42D86C8 (U2E1) 25 °C
·
Graphics
o Generic PnP Monitor (1440x900@60Hz)
o 256MB NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GT (Apple
Computer) 58 °C
·
Storage
o 447GB Crucial CT480BX500SSD1 ATA Device
(SATA (SSD)) 36 °C
·
Optical
Drives
o MATSHITA DVD-R UJ-868 ATA Device
·
Audio
o Realtek High Definition Audio
2.1.8.5. After described installation the Windows
Experience Index values on MacBook Pro (2.40 GHz, 15-inch, Late 2008) are:
CPUScore
|
7.6
|
MemoryScore
|
7.6
|
DiskScore
|
7.25
|
D3DScore
|
9.9
|
GraphicsScore
|
6.3
|
WinSPRLevel
|
6.3
|
2.1.8.6. There is quite different graphics
performance in Google Chrome under MacOS X and Windows 10
·
The
difference is encountered with a special moving canvas speed test (MacOS X
prevail):
·
and
EGPR application using moving canvas (Windows 10 prevail)
·
The
reasons were not tested - could be the driver used or hardware acceleration support
2.2.
Unsuccessful tests
2.2.1. To do all by Boot Camp with edited
preferences (Info.plist)
2.2.1.1. The problem is when trying to make
Windows installation on USB flash drive
·
It
is formatted with FAT32 where the big files cannot be written
2.2.1.2. There is no guarantee that if one can
prepare USB flash disk it will be recognized as bootable
2.2.2. To do all without Boot Camp
2.2.2.1. Prepare SSD by Disk Utility from MacOS X
10.11.6 El Capitan installation
2.2.2.2. Add new partition resizing main primary
partition to half size for example
2.2.2.3. Erase new partition as MBR and FAT32
options
2.2.2.4. It will be re-initialized at Windows
installation
2.2.2.5. Boot Windows 10 Installer from DVD drive
2.2.2.6. Follow Windows 10 installation procedure
2.2.2.7. The problem is that the new Windows
partition and disk are not visible from MacOS
2.2.2.8. It could be possible to modify partition
information by low level utilities (not tested)
2.2.3. Incompatible or not completely tested
hardware
2.2.3.1. DDR 3 @ 1333 MHz different modules
(1.5V/1.35V etc.) - used in error (not completely tested)
2.2.3.2. 447GB GIGABYTE GP-GSTFS31480GN ATA
Device (SATA III SSD) - write errors (definitely not work)
2.2.3.3. 447GB KINGSTON SA400S37480G ATA Device
(SATA III SSD) - probably will work (not completely tested)
2.2.3.4. 698GB Hitachi HTS547575A9E384 ATA Device
(SATA II HDD) - probably will work (not completely tested)
2.2.3.5. Original 250GB Hitachi HTS543225L9SA02
ATA Device (SATA I HDD) - probably will work (not tested at all)
3.
Installation issues
around iPad 2 update and AppleID change
·
Installation
itself of latest iOS 9.3.5 is not a problem at all
·
It
can be done from the device or via iTunes while it is connected to MacOS or
Windows computer
·
The
main problem comes when iPad 2 become locked with deleted or non-controlled AppleID
3.1.
Connection problems
·
For
connecting to a computer Apple recommend to use original USB cable
·
Unfortunately,
my original cable fails and I have to change it with non-original one
·
Most
of non-original cables are designed for charging only or communication ability
is weak
·
For
buying appropriate for communication USB cable the real test is a must
3.2.
iTunes connectivity
·
I tested
iPad 2 connectivity with:
o iTunes v. 12.8.2.3 on MacBook Pro (15”,
Late 2008) with MacOS X El Capitan (10.11.6),
o iTunes v. 12.9.6.3 on Intel Core i7 desktop
PC with Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit SP1 and
o iTunes v. 10.6.3 on PowerBook G4 15” with
MacOS v. 10.5.8 and Darwin Kernel 9.8.0
·
iPad
2 backup I made with iTunes on MacBook Pro and iTunes on desktop PC
·
iPad
2 iOS update I made with iTunes on MacBook Pro and PowerBook G4
3.3.
There are 3 types of update processes
·
There
is no way to unlock locked with AppleID iPad 2 by iTunes
·
After
updating of iOS on locked device using DFU or Recovery mode device will not be
able to load iOS
3.3.1. Using connection between iTunes and
loaded with iOS iPad 2
·
After
running iTunes and connecting iPad 2 to it authentication is needed on both
sides
·
Computer
running iTunes has to be declared as “trusted” for iPad
·
Before
starting update iTunes will download iOS
·
Sign
in with AppleID is not required
3.3.2. Using connection between iTunes and iPad
2 in Recovery Mode
·
Recovery
mode is the state in which iPad 2 loads the bootloader but not the OS
·
However,
it still interacts with iTunes/Finder to install fresh firmware and restores
·
Recovery
mode doesn’t allow you to downgrade previous versions of iOS
·
Recovery
mode screen on the device looks like a cable connected to computer
·
Entering
and exiting to/from Recovery mode is well described in:
·
After
entering Recovery mode of connected iPad 2 iTunes can be used to update iOS or
restore from backup
3.3.3. Using connection between iTunes and iPad
2 in DFU Mode
·
DFU
Mode allows all devices to be restored from any state
·
It bypasses
the iBoot bootloader on iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad
·
It
allows you to downgrade to previous versions of iOS
·
In
DFU Mode the screen appears totally black
·
Entering
and exiting to/from DFU Mode is well described in:
·
After
entering DFU Mode of connected iPad 2 iTunes can be used to update with
previously downloaded iOS
4.
AppleID and OS related
problems and some solutions
·
While
doing installation and setup procedures some problems were encountered
·
Solving
these problems (including upgrade and install procedures) took me a month time with
reading and testing
·
And
in addition more than 6 hours phone talks with Apple Support and as an
exception tens of e-mails
·
Do
not rely on using e-mails to contact Apple Support without internal protection
·
Phone
numbers (like 00800 6002 7753 for Bulgaria) may be charged like international
calls
4.1.
It is a problem if device is not singed out from iCloud,
iTunes, FaceTime, iMassage etc. services
4.2.
One problem encountered was using AppleID created a long
time ago
·
Old
AppleIDs are not compatible with new Apple security and if one forgets some login
details it is a big problem
·
If AppleID
is forgotten one has to remember an e-mail the account is linked to
·
If the
password is forgotten its reset from applied.apple.com may solve the problem
·
If the
security questions are forgotten the problem can be solved by Apple Support but
authentication is not easy
·
In
my case I succeeded to reset my password and sign in to the account from a browser
o But I cannot reset security questions
and was not able to edit anything in the account
o I only succeed to add and verify a phone
number but cannot set it for two-factor authentication
o Apple Support probably set it for two-factor
authentication and account was unblocked
o After AppleID is unblocked it can be
used as a newly created once
·
Of
course the alternative is to create a new AppleID but old one will stay active
forever and user info will be lost
4.3.
Deleting an AppleID is not easy and save procedure
·
It
can be started from privacy.apple.com where one can sign in with AppleID and
place request for deletion
·
Apple
will notify you that request is accepted and AppleID will be deleted soon
·
You
will have a time window to refuse deletion by calling Apple Support with given authentication
code
·
Apple
says that in this time window AppleID will be active and can be used
·
It
is not clear how long this time window is and if one relies on it to refuse
deletion or sign out devices may fail
·
In
my case after a few days AppleID was not active in spite of a week delayed mail
for permanent deletion
4.4.
There is a big problem if AppleID is deleted and devices are
not signed out from that account
·
In
my case iPad 2 become locked with deleted AppleID and the tries to unlock it via
iTunes failed
4.5.
If some device becomes locked because of deleted AppleID
try to contact Apple Support for help
·
I
am not sure what helps my iPad 2 to be unlocked – Apple support says that they
do nothing about it
·
May
be a time (1-2 weeks) without activity from locked device helps
·
I do
not recommend using 3-rd party services, people or tools for unlocking of Apple
devices
4.6.
Another big problem is if one uses only old devices with
old OS installed
·
The
problem encountered is when trying to use MacBook Pro (15” late 2008) and iPad
2 only
·
The
supported OS were MacOS El Capitan (10.11.6) and iOS (9.3.5) respectively
·
Nevertheless
two-factor authentication set Apple Security system ask for password/passcode
of the devices
·
Unfortunately,
older OS is not aware of such a protocol and authentication fails
·
The
only way to solve the problem is to use other device with newer OS (MacOS
Sierra 10.12+ or iOS 10+)
·
With
the help of such a device one can authenticate older devices for signing in to
the AppleID
·
After
successful authentication old devices will be used without problems
4.7.
Last but also big problem was impossibility to sign in
FaceTime and iMessage
·
This
situation is reported in many forums and discussions but without working
solution
·
It happens
without matter that a device is signed in to iCloud and iTunes
·
The
main problem was that by some reason some application blocks sign in procedure
·
In
my case it was one of the installed applications (Mac Fan Control, Barrier and
Menu Meters) which have to run at login
·
In
the beginning they did not run at login and I added them to Users & Groups
-> Login Options
·
Removing
them from Users & Groups -> Login Options solved the FaceTime and
iMessage sign in problem
·
Above
action makes it possible these applications to run even on other users logins
Thanks
for the patience to read the blog. Please, notify me if found errors and/or run
into a different experience.
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